The energy density of lithium-ion batteries ranges from 100 to 265 Wh/kg, while the energy density of sodium-ion batteries ranges from 80 to 150 Wh/kg. This means that lithium-ion batteries are more suitable for high-energy applications, where a high energy density is required.
Lower Energy Density: Sodium-ion batteries still lag behind lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, making them less suitable for high-energy applications. Shorter Cycle Life: Although improvements are being made, sodium-ion batteries typically have a shorter cycle life compared to their lithium-ion counterparts.
Lithium-ion batteries can deliver specific power of up to 5,000 W/kg, while sodium-ion batteries typically have a specific power of around 500 W/kg. Finally, the energy efficiency of lithium-ion batteries is typically higher than that of sodium-ion batteries.
Lower energy density (75–200 Wh/kg), resulting in larger and heavier batteries for the same capacity. Higher energy density (120–260 Wh/kg), enabling more compact and lightweight designs. Generally lower due to the abundance of sodium and simpler manufacturing processes. Higher costs driven by lithium scarcity and complex production requirements.
Sodium ion gravimetric energy density is currently around 130 Wh/kg to 160 Wh/kg, but is expected to top 200 Wh/kg in future, above the theoretical limit for LFP devices. In power density terms, however, sodium ion batteries could have 1 kW/kg, higher than nickel-manganese-cobalt’s (NMC) 340W/kg to 420 W/kg and LFP’s 175 W/kg to 425 W/kg.
Other advantages of sodium-ion batteries include high power, fast charging, and low-temperature operation . But there are also downsides to sodium-ion batteries, the top one being a lower energy density than their lithium-ion counterparts.
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