Regarding economic issues, common solutions for achieving zero carbon goals in microgrids often combine distributed energy sources (such as photovoltaics and wind turbines) with energy storage equipment , .
From Table 1, it can be seen that the common forms of energy composition in zero-carbon microgrid cases currently include photovoltaics, wind turbines, and energy storage equipment (primarily hydrogen storage, battery storage, and thermal storage).
Graça Gomes et al. proposed a zero-carbon microgrid to avoid high costs of diesel generators and reduce dependence on traditional power systems. After studying on energy storage systems, Wai Shin Ho et al. found that the electricity-hydrogen hybrid energy storage is more cost-effective than a single one.
4.3.1. Operation strategy of electric and hydrogen storage system Energy storage system in hydro-photovoltaic-hydrogen zero-carbon microgrid includes hydrogen energy storage part and the battery. Hydrogen is the main energy storage source for its long-term and cross-seasonal characteristics.
This kind of zero-carbon microgrid is usually implemented in a business park or a community , . In off-grid mode, 100% clean energy can be used, and thus zero carbon emissions can be achieved. In this regard, 100% power electronic devices will be generally used in such a microgrid.
As a clean and efficient energy source, hydrogen has the characteristics of long-term and cross-season energy storage properties, which is suitable for the needs of zero-carbon microgrids. Constructing a zero-carbon microgrid based on hydrogen energy storage has currently become a universal path.
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